| **Command** | **Description** |
| compgen -c | Show all commands |
| compgen -a | Show all alias commands |
| compgen -A function | Show available functions |
| man <command> | Show manual page of a command (more info than --help) |
| <command> --help | Show help page of a command (less info than man command) |
| <command> --version | Show version of a command |
| **Command** | **Description** |
| ls -lah | List files/folders in current directory (+infos) |
| mkdir newdir | Create a new folder |
| cd somefolder | Change/switch to another directory |
| cd /mnt/ | change/switch to another drive |
| cp file.txt file-copy.txt | Copy a file |
| mv file.txt file-renamed.txt | Rename a file |
| mv file.txt /tmp | Move file to another folder |
| rm file.txt | Remove a file |
| rm -rf folder | Remove entire folder (recursive) |
| ln -s original target | Create a symlink |
| pwd | Show path of current folder |
| chown <arguments> <user>:<group> file.txt | Change Owner and Group of file (use -R for rekursive) |
| **Command** | **Description** |
| find . -name "file.txt" | Search for a file (recursive) |
| find . -name "\*.txt" | Search for all txt files |
| grep -rin "search string" | Search for a string in current folder (recursive) |
| grep -rin "search string" | cut -c 1-100 | Search for a string in current folder + limit output of string |
| sed -Ei 's/someString/newString/g' file.txt | Replace "someString" with "newString" in a file |
| head file.txt | Show first 10 lines of file |
| tail file.txt | Show last 10 lines of file |
| cat file.txt | Show full content of file |
| cat file.txt | grep "search string" | Pipe output of "cat" command to grep + filter string |
| **Command** | **Description** |
| Ctrl + a | Jump to beginning of line |
| Ctrl + e | Jump to end of line |
| Ctrl + Arrow Left | Jump word backward |
| Ctrl + Arrow Right | Jump word forward |
| Ctrl + w | Remove word backward |
| Alt + w | Remove word forward |
| Ctrl + p | Go through command line history backward |
| Ctrl + n | Go through command line history forward |
| Ctrl + r | Reverse Search in command history: \- Type in something to search \- Type Enter to execute the searched command \- Type "Ctrl + r" to search further in reverse \- Type "Ctrl + s" to search further in inverse \- Tip: In only a few cases it makes sense to use the inverse search (Ctrl + s) from the beginning, but usually you want to search in reverse from the latest history commands |
| Ctrl + s | Same as "Ctrl + r" but inverse (starts from the beginning of the history) |
| Ctrl + f | Autocomplete a suggestion ([Fish Shell](https://fishshell.com/ "Fish Shell") only) |
| **Command** | **Description** |
| du -csh . | Show size of current folder |
| df -h | Show partitions / drives |
| lsb\_release -a | Show OS Version / Informations |
| **Command** | **Description** |
| wget https://www.somewhere495848.com/test.txt | Download a file |
| curl -LI https://www.google.com | Show Header Informations of URL |
| whois <host> | Show NS, DNS, Register about a host (e.g.: whois google.com) |
| host <host> | DNS Lookup of a host (e.g.: host google.com) |
| dig <host> | DNS Lookup of a host (verbose) (e.g.: dig google.com) |
| rsync -avz myfolder somehost:/var/www/ | Sync a folder to a remote host and specific path |
| rsync -avz somehost:/var/www/ . | Sync from remote host and specific path to local folder |
| rsync -avz <dirSource> <dirTarget> | Sync entire Folder (locally) |
| rsync -avz <dirSource>/ <dirTarget> | Sync only contents of folder (locally) |
| **Command** | **Description** |
| <command> > file.txt | Write output of a command into a file (creates/overwrites file) |
| <command> >> file.txt | Write output of a command into a file (appends at end of file) |
| <command1> && <command2> | Do command2 only if command1 succeeds |
| <command1> || <command2> | Do command2 only if command1 fails |
| <command1> | <command2> | Pipe command1 output into command2 |
| ! | Negation Operator (e.g. find . ! -user "root") |
| More about operators: [linux-command-operators](https://www.makeuseof.com/linux-command-line-chaining-operators/) |
| **Command** | **Description** |
| bash myCustomScript.sh | Execute a bash script |
| history | tail | Show last 10 lines of your history (commands) |
| htop | Very helpful utility to show all process, cpu, ram, .. |
| ps aux | grep http | Show processes who accesses http |
| which <command> | Show path location of a command |
| tar -cvf myfolder.tar myfolder | Create a compressed tar file of a folder |
| tar -xvf myfolder.tar | Extract a compressed tar file |
| zip -r myfolder.zip myfolder | Create a compressed zip file |
| unzip myfolder.zip | Extract a compressed zip file |
| EDITOR=nano crontab -e | Set Editor for current shell only (temporarily) |
| select-editor | Set Editor for user (usually permanently) |
| vim file.txt | Edit a file in the Vim Editor |
| nano file.txt | Edit a file in the Nano Editor |
sudo su - www-data -s /bin/bash | Switch User to example "www-data" |